A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon
(C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom
ratio of 2:1.
Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living
organism.
1- source
of energy .
Glucose is the main source of energy in the body and
without it, it will not be possible for the body to carry out any vital process
2-precurosr
for other compounds
Many compounds in the human body have
their origin, from which sugar is made
3-storage
The animals' bodies store sugar in a compond
called glycogen
4-DNA synthesis
DNA is the center of vital
information storage that contains the characteristics of the living organism
and is made up of ribose sugar as well as other compounds
Classifiaction
of saccharides
There are
a number of ways to classify sugars, but it is possible to classify the number
of sugar units in the composition of the compound.
1-monosaccharides are
those sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed
into simpler carbohydrates.
2-Disaccharides are
condensation products of two monosaccharide, lactose, maltose, isomaltose, sucrose,.
3-Oligosaccharides are
condensation products of three to
ten monosaccharides. Most are not digested by human
enzymes.
4-Polysaccharides are
condensation products of more than
ten monosaccharide units; examples are the starches
and
dextrins,
The most
important sugars
The most important monosaccraide include are glucose and ribose while important
disaccraide are lactose and maltose
Glycogens is the most important polysaccaride in the bodies of animals
and starch as well as the most important sugar in the body of plants and both
Glacocene and starch are compounds that store glucose.
Glucose is the most important sugar at all because all
other compounds are converted to it to be used in other vital processes
Sources of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods.
The important sources are cereals (wheat, maize, rice), potatoes, sugarcane,
fruits, table sugar (sucrose), bread, milk, etc
.
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